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  TR        -       Tons of Refrigeration - It Is a unit of refrigeration. -The rating of a refrigeration machine is given by a standard unit of refrigeration called Ton of Refrigeration. -One a ton of refrigeration (1TR) means the capacity to freeze 1 ton of water from and at 0’ in 24 Hrs. It's important to note that the freezing or melting of the ice represents a change-of-state only, which is considered a transfer of latent heat, as opposed to a change in temperature which is a transfer of sensible heat . Calculation • In USA 1 ton is taken as 2000lbs and its latent of fusion 144 B.Th. U/ lb  (334.9 KJ/Kg).                1 TR = (2000x144)/24                         = 12000 B  Th  U/ hr                         = 200 B  Th  U /Min                    1 B  Th  U =1.055 KJ                  1 TR =200 x1.055 KJ/Min                           = 211 KJ/Min                         1 TR = 3.517 KJ/s or KW Important Conversion   1 TR        =  12000 B  Th  U/ hr                  = 3.514 KW

  Thermodynamic System It is defined as quantity in space bounded by real or imaginary, fixed or movable boundaries across which energy take place from or to surroundings. External to the system is called surrounding or environment. A system with surrounding called a universe. Type of System Open System In this system, energy transfer takes place along with boundaries with mass transfer. Eg. Water in pool In pool mass and energy , both transfers can take place. Closed System In this system, energy transfer takes place with the outside environment through the boundary without mass transfer. Isolated System A system without mass and energy transfer is called an isolated system. Thermodynamic Equilibrium It is a state in which the system has a thermal and mechanical equilibrium. Energy It is the capacity to do work. Types of Energy Potential Energy It is the energy stored in an object due to its position relative to some zero position. Kinetic Energy It is the energy of a given mass due t

Fresh Air  -Outside air to that within the room or enclosed space. -Increase Indoor air quality by diluting enclosed polluted air in space. -Fresh air Increase room cooling load. -Increase the comfortable level of human. It depends on  -Occupancy -Area -Type of Use Youtube link on Fresh air  Fresh Air Standard Eg. Area -100 Sqft Occupancy-10 Nos Type of Use-Office FA -(0.06*100)+(5*10)           =56 CFM 2. Area -100 Sqft Occupancy-10 Nos Type of Use-Media Center FA -(0.12*100)+(10*10)           =112 CFM In-Duct type equipment fresh air mix with return air in mixing box or in AHU room then it passes through the coil and it will be distributed to space through the duct. Type of Fresh air -Normal air Normal outside air directly supplied to Air-Conditioning unit.   -Treated Fresh air  Treated Air (Chilled air) supplied to space. Thanks for giving your valuable time. Plz subscribe the channel and like the Facebook page YouTube-   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkF9QAPOfIw and provide your

    What is Refrigeration? It is the process in which heat is removed from body or space in such a way that first its temperature reduced and then maintained at a level below surrounding. In this process heat is withdrawn from the desired space and rejected to the atmosphere which act as a natural receiver. Insulated material is used to avoid heat flow from surrounding to enclosed space which is maintained at a lower temperature.   Application 1.Manufacturing of ice. 2.Preservation of medicine. 3.For pre cooling and pasteurization of milk and in butter preparation. 4.cooling of cement concreate. 5.liquification of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen etc. 6.Preservation of fruits and vegetable, foods. What is Air-Conditioning?   It is the process in which temperature, moisture, air quality is controlled for an enclosed space depending on the requirement. It has two type 1.Comfort AC In this type different parameter of an enclosed space such as temperature, air

The window air conditioner is the simplest type of AC that's installed into a window of a room and designed to cool that specific room. It contains all the components assembled in one compact box. An evaporator coil cools the room while a condenser coil releases hot air outside.    Construction & Working -It is a plug-In type of unit i.e. all the component is fitted in a single unit only. -Evaporator and condenser are fitted at the opposite end and compressors are fitted in middle. -In the front part, there is two-compartment one is for supply and the other is for return air. -The blower is fitted behind the evaporator to blow air inside the room. It takes air from the return air section and it passes through the coil then enters the room. The filter is also used across the coil to remove impurity from the air. -To remove heat from condenser, the fan is used across the condenser coil. It takes air from the side (Opening in unit) and blows over the condenser coil. -T

  HEPA Filter  The  HEPA  filter removes particulates (generally called aerosols) such as micro-organisms, from the air. The  HEPA  filter does not remove vapours or gases. HEPA filters used in clean benches and biosafety cabinets should have a minimum filtration efficiency of 99.99% against airborne particles 0.3 microns in size. It stands for  -  High-Efficiency Particulate Air -  High-Efficiency Particulate Arrestance . -   High-Efficiency Particulate Absorbing HEPA filters  were developed in the early 1940s and used first by the Manhattan Project to contain the spread of airborne radioactive contaminants. Standards For HEPA Filter European Standar d   minimum efficiency of   99.95%  up to  of 0.3 Micron ACME, U.S. DOE   minimum efficiency of   99.97%  up to   0.3 microns  Testing & certification standards for HEPA filters IEST-RP-CC021 “Testing HEPA and ULPA Media, which governs requirements for the filter media IEST-RP-CC001 “HEPA and ULPA Filters”, which governs overall filte